So here's my question for the group: I thought that this was actually the most common kind of highly competent senior programmer in those days. But some here are saying that the mainframe and corporate worlds did not harbor that many such individuals.
My guess is that your question got spawned from the recent "Programming & IT as Socially Focused Careers" thread.
Q. Is your question -- Did the corporate world (i.e. early 1980s and non-technology focused) hire or harbor people who primarily hacked together COBOL or PL/I mainframe programs?
If so, my response is that for utility type of programs sure this was done. On the system development side which may have involved assembly language this was probably done quite a bit. Keep in mind that what was primarily being created back in the early 1980s (before my time in the industry) were software systems (i.e. the business infrastructure) that replaced manual procedures (e.g. accounting, payroll, etc.). Some senior programmers wrote specs and normally they were given the job title of programmer/analyst. However, in many situations the people writing the specs were the individuals who were responsible for designing software systems and they typically were given the job title of Systems Analyst or Business Analyst. They earned that responsibility or job title not only by working in the trenches for many years but by having
the ability to socially interact with many different types of workers within a particular business.
When I was just starting out, most of the specs that I was given were not very detailed -- just a page or two of pseudocode and perhaps a mock screen shot or two if the program that I was writing was interactive (i.e. using CICS). The purpose for creating those software systems were two-fold.
(1) It allowed data to get processed faster than could be done by hand and
(2) it allowed companies to fire employees (i.e. mostly clerical workers) who use to manually perform the automated tasks.
You might find the following recent news article to be an interesting read
:Retailers Are Losing the Software Talent Wars
http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/retailers-are-losing-the-software-talent-wars-12012011.html?chan=rss_topStories_ssi_5What the author appears to be saying is that retailers, such as, Target need to hire better technologist for their e-commerce sites instead of relying on consultants and contractors. The problem is that to adequately build a business or e-commerce website for a large corporation, such as, Target requires a lot more than just a handful of people who happen to know the latest web technologies. In other words, knowing how to do mobile application development or being a front-end web developer (e.g.. CSS, HTML, and JavaScript) or knowing SQL and PHP or the Ruby on Rails framework, classic ASP or ASP.NET, etc. will not guarantee a software developer / technologist a job at a large retail corporation. Well, it may get him/her a six month to one year gig, but then he/she is back on the street looking for work once again.
Rapid technological and structural changes in a particular business industry means that the software work that needs to be done at any given point in time is going to be different from just a year or two ago and it is
an important factor in the current rate of high unemployment of older software developers. What I am saying is that since World War II the United States economy has undergone many transitions which has resulted in the fact that nowadays most new jobs are low-end and low-paying service jobs and since the mainframe only days the IT business world has also gone through many transitions as well which has resulted in the ongoing and never ending programming language and technology stack skills mismatch between employers and employees.
I believe that Target like many other large corporations fired most of their IT development staff a long time ago and replaced them with some long-term contractors and lots of consultants (i.e. mostly H-1B visa workers from India). Since most of them are doing maintainance work they probably understand the retail business or at least Target's existing business processes. What that group of people probably doesn't have is the particular software technology knowledge to re-build Target's e-commerce website. The solution? Well, just from a communication and co-operation standpoint, my guess is that Target is primarily going to use more H-1B visa workers to fix or upgrade their e-commerce system.
I took a quick peak at the first page of Target's employment website and it looks as if there is not one job position with the word "programmer" in it. Most of the software related job titles seem to have the word "analyst" or "consultant" in them.
http://targetcareers.target.com/go/Corporate-Headquarters-Jobs/113842/